Products

I understand that a Sustainable Minds LCA is intended to help designers make decisions, not make environmental claims. How do I clarify that point for clients and managers?

By Louise St. Pierre on October 31, 2009

With any developing science, it is extremely important to take care during the early years to build a foundation of credibility. A single-score LCA is just like any other tool in that it can be used well or poorly. Here are a few best-practice suggestions for how to use, discuss and present a single-figure (or scoping) LCA.

  1. In presentations, discussions, and slides, always emphasize terminology that clarifies that this is a single figure LCA, not a multi-score LCA. For instance, the term “scoping LCA,” accurately describes what this LCA is intended to do, and implies some limitations.

  2. You can use graphs judiciously. While bar graphs and charts are the best possible way to make an impact with your information, you should try to avoid any potential exaggeration. If your design only improves the environmental bottom line by a small amount, so be it. You can resist the temptation to use your presentation skills to make it look more dramatic.

I find the calculation process behind LCA to be confusing. Can someone explain it in simple calculation steps for a commonly-understood material?

By Philip White on August 31, 2009

The life cycle assessment (LCA) process is a multi-step calculation that is challenging even for seasoned LCA professionals to recite with precision. Do not feel alone; it is a complex process. Let’s break it down into simpler bites by examining the components of the LCA calculations.

The LCA process follows four steps:
• Process inventory data collection
Impact characterization
• Normalization
• Weighting

We consider each step, first individually; then combined, in a continuous calculation. Please keep in mind that each of these steps is included in every Okala Impact Factor. Designers and product teams need not take the time to understand them in depth. They are included here to show the rigor behind the single-score assessment process.

As an independent product design consultant I've been getting more requests from clients for sustainable design solutions. I can see how Okala and SM can help me navigate these waters, but how do I integrate this approach into my business practice?

By Steve Belletire on July 31, 2009

I’m glad to hear you’re getting such requests. More companies are now seeing the value of ecodesign strategies. Regarding your question being engaged with this site is a good indication you are serious about providing ecodesign options to your clients. And the Okala methodology and other resources available via Sustainable Minds can provide a solid foundation for delivering quality services.

However, what isn’t included is the practical knowledge to transfer this information into part of a consulting service mix. This response offers you and other consultants a simple framework for how to best integrate ecodesign services.

This information is available in detailed form in a new Greenleaf publication, Consulting for Business Sustainability. Chapter 12, A Guide to Sustainable Design Consulting, directly addresses your question and it is my contribution to the book. I’ll provide an outline of the key practice points within the chapter, but I recommend you obtain the publication. http://www.greenleaf-publishing.com/consult

1: Do your homework First, a company must have a genuine appetite for developing more environmentally responsible products and/or processes. Be certain your client views this approach as strategic to their business future and not just a short-term marketing detail. Start by acquiring information regarding corporate mission statements on the environment, current supply chain practices, any ‘low hanging fruit’ processes underway – anything that helps you get a fix on how the company perceives and communicates its environmental role.

Can you give me some guidelines for determining the functional unit when doing an Okala assessment?

By Louise St. Pierre on June 30, 2009

Good question – the functional unit is one of the first steps in doing an assessment. It can be very simple, but be aware that that simplicity can be deceiving. By choosing the functional unit carefully, you leave options open for a variety of approaches and solutions – much like good framing for a design problem.

A functional unit should contain three characteristics, or precepts:

  1. It should be a quantity of service that a user readily consumes.
  2. It should include a physically measurable unit.
  3. If the product involves time a part of the service, then a unit of time should be included.

Here are a few examples:

If you were assessing showers, for example, there would be many options for selecting your functional unit. Each would delimit the study in some way:

  • If you chose to assess Okala millipoints per showerhead itself (without water or energy consumption to heat the water), then designs that affect water consumption are not factored into the assessment.
  • If you chose Okala millipoints for one 8-minute hot shower, then the quantity of water would be assessed as a variable, depending on the quantity of water per minute that the showerhead releases.
  • If you chose Okala millipoints per 10 gallons of 110 degree Fahrenheit shower, the quantity of water and energy would be set, not variable.

PVC is a plastic everyone is trying to replace now due to toxicity of chlorine in the product. We were surprised to see the Okala mPts values were so low. Just wondering if you have any feedback on this?

By Philip White on May 31, 2009

First, let’s take a look at the values that Okala assigns to Polyvinyl chloride polymer (PVC), then I’ll comment on those results.

Material Unit Okala mPts. CO2 eq. lbs.
Polyvinl chloride (PVC) lb 50.402 1.962
Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) lb 31.297 2.128
Polycarbonate (PC) lb 106.55 7.617

PVC is potentially problematic on a number of levels, as is discussed in the Okala design guide.

I am trying to do a life cycle assessment (using Okala) of a thermoformed product. Since thermoformed parts are extruded into sheet before they are thermoformed, should I include Extrusion in my analysis, or is that factored in to the Thermoforming score? Similar questions arise with the injection-molded parison used in blow-molding, etc.

By Philip White on May 31, 2009

The Okala impact factor for thermoformed plastics includes the extrusion of the polymers into rigid (or semi-rigid) sheets and the subsequent thermoforming of the polymer sheet into the finished plastic part. Likewise, the Okala impact factor for blow molding of plastics includes the creation of the parision (usually through injection molding) and the subsequent blow molding of the parison into the finished plastic part. The preliminary steps required in these polymer forming processes is included in the overall Okala impact factor.

The current fiscal crisis has spawned recent articles about the de-globalization of the world economy and the need to create new mass consumption business models. How might this affect sustainable design?

By Steve Belletire on April 30, 2009

I thank you for asking an important, albeit complex question, so I’ll try to provide some context for my response. The financial crisis has triggered a global recession resulting in the contraction of large consumer economies like that of the US, as growing numbers of people experience job loss along with decreased asset values. These factors have combined to send consumer spending into a downward spiral in many parts of the world, derailing global economic growth plans.

Events are causing some economists to speculate on what a global economy will be like in a ‘post financial crisis’ world. The baseline question is this: will consumers change their spending, savings, and lifestyle habits in fundamental ways over the long term? During the 1930’s, consumption contracted, savings soared, and businesses tried to adjust to fewer discretionary dollars. Today, this model has significant implications for the design profession and for businesses pursuing sustainable design strategies as they try to ponder the future.

In the near-term we are seeing many consumers focusing on value. They are buying fewer ‘things’ beyond essentials, and non-essential purchases are meeting a more stringent evaluation of the value proposition. That’s good news for stores like Wal-Mart. This consumption model impacts medium- to higher-end goods most, resulting in fewer discretionary purchases. Many consumers are saying one of three things: “What I have is good enough; I can live without that; or, I really don’t need so much.”

Are biologically-derived materials always best? i.e., are materials derived from plant sources more environmentally friendly than materials derived from (fossil fuel) petroleum?

By Philip White on February 28, 2009

Designers (in the various design professions) should not assume this generalization about biomaterials to be true. In many cases, plant-derived materials are more renewable and can be more ecologically responsible than petroleum-derived materials. In many other cases, however, plant-derived materials can be more resource intensive and/or more ecologically damaging than their petroleum-derived counterparts.

Let’s look at grocery bags as an example. We’ve compared six grocery bag alternatives, listed below. The bag materials are listed with a manufacturing method, the number of time it's used, the approximate weight of bags needed to carry 20 lbs of groceries, and the assumed waste distribution at the end of the life of the bag. The functional unit is Okala impacts (in millipoints) per delivery of one cycle of 20 lbs of groceries.

As our business contracts, it is now harder to find a receptive ear for our yet-to-be- implemented green product development initiatives. Can you offer some suggestions for how I should engage my management team during these tough times so we can still keep our sustainable product development plans on track?

By Steve Belletire on January 31, 2009

I understand your concern and I’ll add that your question is similar to many others I’ve addressed in recent weeks. There is no doubt that the current economic climate has forced many companies to rethink their new product development plans for 2009. And for those who began sustainable design initiatives recently and have yet to implement plans or realize results, it’s expedient to make this a lower priority.

One way to help you frame the larger design issues your question implies is through a brief review of some innovation history. The Sony Walkman® (shown above), Black & Decker’s Dustbuster®, and Motorola’s first Flip-phone® were all product innovations that at first were met with skepticism or ridicule. These now-notable designs were criticized for being unnecessary, over-priced, and appealing only to niche market segments. Of course, the market response proved the critics wrong. Why? Because these products represent strategic planning that anticipated imminent shifts in consumer lifestyles and attitudes.

I am an industrial design student and I am learning about the problems with consumerism and the environment. It makes me wonder if I am in the wrong profession. Can you give me some advice?

By Louise St. Pierre on January 31, 2009

Thank you for that timely and important question. Assuming that you are studying industrial design because it is your passion, I can offer: Fourteen reasons why, in a time of ecological crisis, we need industrial designers more than ever.

1. A maturing profession
The industrial design profession has redefined itself numerous times over the past half-decade in response to cultural shifts, and is now integrating sustainable design thinking and methodologies. This growth is evident in recent conferences, journals and pledges such as The Designer’s Accord. As designers, we are doing important work, and you can help.

2. Good design is an imperative
Poor design results in waste that we cannot afford. Every poorly designed object will be underutilized, broken or discarded sooner than a well-designed object. Bring on the good industrial designers!