The authors of Okala provide you with insights and practical solutions to the latest sustainability issues facing product development organizations and individuals today.

Marketing

I understand that a Sustainable Minds LCA is intended to help designers make decisions, not make environmental claims. How do I clarify that point for clients and managers?

By Louise St. Pierre on October 31, 2009

With any developing science, it is extremely important to take care during the early years to build a foundation of credibility. A single-score LCA is just like any other tool in that it can be used well or poorly. Here are a few best-practice suggestions for how to use, discuss and present a single-figure (or scoping) LCA.

  1. In presentations, discussions, and slides, always emphasize terminology that clarifies that this is a single figure LCA, not a multi-score LCA. For instance, the term “scoping LCA,” accurately describes what this LCA is intended to do, and implies some limitations.

  2. You can use graphs judiciously. While bar graphs and charts are the best possible way to make an impact with your information, you should try to avoid any potential exaggeration. If your design only improves the environmental bottom line by a small amount, so be it. You can resist the temptation to use your presentation skills to make it look more dramatic.

As an independent product design consultant I've been getting more requests from clients for sustainable design solutions. I can see how Okala and SM can help me navigate these waters, but how do I integrate this approach into my business practice?

By Steve Belletire on July 31, 2009

I’m glad to hear you’re getting such requests. More companies are now seeing the value of ecodesign strategies. Regarding your question being engaged with this site is a good indication you are serious about providing ecodesign options to your clients. And the Okala methodology and other resources available via Sustainable Minds can provide a solid foundation for delivering quality services.

However, what isn’t included is the practical knowledge to transfer this information into part of a consulting service mix. This response offers you and other consultants a simple framework for how to best integrate ecodesign services.

This information is available in detailed form in a new Greenleaf publication, Consulting for Business Sustainability. Chapter 12, A Guide to Sustainable Design Consulting, directly addresses your question and it is my contribution to the book. I’ll provide an outline of the key practice points within the chapter, but I recommend you obtain the publication. http://www.greenleaf-publishing.com/consult

1: Do your homework First, a company must have a genuine appetite for developing more environmentally responsible products and/or processes. Be certain your client views this approach as strategic to their business future and not just a short-term marketing detail. Start by acquiring information regarding corporate mission statements on the environment, current supply chain practices, any ‘low hanging fruit’ processes underway – anything that helps you get a fix on how the company perceives and communicates its environmental role.

The current fiscal crisis has spawned recent articles about the de-globalization of the world economy and the need to create new mass consumption business models. How might this affect sustainable design?

By Steve Belletire on April 30, 2009

I thank you for asking an important, albeit complex question, so I’ll try to provide some context for my response. The financial crisis has triggered a global recession resulting in the contraction of large consumer economies like that of the US, as growing numbers of people experience job loss along with decreased asset values. These factors have combined to send consumer spending into a downward spiral in many parts of the world, derailing global economic growth plans.

Events are causing some economists to speculate on what a global economy will be like in a ‘post financial crisis’ world. The baseline question is this: will consumers change their spending, savings, and lifestyle habits in fundamental ways over the long term? During the 1930’s, consumption contracted, savings soared, and businesses tried to adjust to fewer discretionary dollars. Today, this model has significant implications for the design profession and for businesses pursuing sustainable design strategies as they try to ponder the future.

In the near-term we are seeing many consumers focusing on value. They are buying fewer ‘things’ beyond essentials, and non-essential purchases are meeting a more stringent evaluation of the value proposition. That’s good news for stores like Wal-Mart. This consumption model impacts medium- to higher-end goods most, resulting in fewer discretionary purchases. Many consumers are saying one of three things: “What I have is good enough; I can live without that; or, I really don’t need so much.”

Are biologically-derived materials always best? i.e., are materials derived from plant sources more environmentally friendly than materials derived from (fossil fuel) petroleum?

By Philip White on February 28, 2009

Designers (in the various design professions) should not assume this generalization about biomaterials to be true. In many cases, plant-derived materials are more renewable and can be more ecologically responsible than petroleum-derived materials. In many other cases, however, plant-derived materials can be more resource intensive and/or more ecologically damaging than their petroleum-derived counterparts.

Let’s look at grocery bags as an example. We’ve compared six grocery bag alternatives, listed below. The bag materials are listed with a manufacturing method, the number of time it's used, the approximate weight of bags needed to carry 20 lbs of groceries, and the assumed waste distribution at the end of the life of the bag. The functional unit is Okala impacts (in millipoints) per delivery of one cycle of 20 lbs of groceries.

As our business contracts, it is now harder to find a receptive ear for our yet-to-be- implemented green product development initiatives. Can you offer some suggestions for how I should engage my management team during these tough times so we can still keep our sustainable product development plans on track?

By Steve Belletire on January 31, 2009

I understand your concern and I’ll add that your question is similar to many others I’ve addressed in recent weeks. There is no doubt that the current economic climate has forced many companies to rethink their new product development plans for 2009. And for those who began sustainable design initiatives recently and have yet to implement plans or realize results, it’s expedient to make this a lower priority.

One way to help you frame the larger design issues your question implies is through a brief review of some innovation history. The Sony Walkman® (shown above), Black & Decker’s Dustbuster®, and Motorola’s first Flip-phone® were all product innovations that at first were met with skepticism or ridicule. These now-notable designs were criticized for being unnecessary, over-priced, and appealing only to niche market segments. Of course, the market response proved the critics wrong. Why? Because these products represent strategic planning that anticipated imminent shifts in consumer lifestyles and attitudes.

My company designs and offers a range of products and services. How can we decide which products to redesign next year to make them greener?

By Philip White on December 31, 2008

Despite the extreme turbulence in the economy and the resulting insecurity felt by product development groups in nearly all market sectors, many companies still have budgets to develop new products starting at the beginning of the new year. Counter-intuitively, economic shockwaves reverberating through the markets can liberate product managers to find new market strategies.

Managers are increasingly under pressure to adopt novel ways to intelligently address the needs of users in their respective markets. Offering greener products are one of the primary ways that companies can substantively differentiate themselves from their competitors. The question on the minds of product managers is “Which products have the most potential to improve their value by improving environmental performance?” Product managers, marketing directors and the entire product development team should carefully ponder this question.

Question: With so many companies jumping on the ‘green bandwagon,’ what governmental agencies or industry groups are working to keep them honest?

By Steve Belletire on November 30, 2008

It should come as no surprise that surveys of consumers indicate a strong desire for verifiable green marketing claims. For the past two years claims of ‘green marketing’ have expanded to a point where consumers have become overloaded regarding such marketing claims. Recent consumer marketing data confirms the skepticism related to this overload.

In July of 2008 the Gandalf Group spoke with 1500 adult Canadians about their views and attitudes regarding the impact of environmental issues. The responses indicate that design teams and marketers need to pay greater attention to consumer attitudes if they hope to connect with consumers concerning ecodesign strategies.

The results:

  • Most Canadians say there are so many conflicting claims about the environment that they’re not sure what to believe.
  • Canadians overwhelmingly want regulation and labeling to clear up the confusion. They want to know:
    • What is just a marketing ploy?
    • What is legitimately environmentally friendly?
  • Eighty-five percent of Canadians want standards enforced on producers and labeling that certifies and explains terms such as organic, low emissions, and green.
  • Two-thirds of Canadians say the term “green” has been used so much that it doesn’t have much meaning for them anymore when a company claims it.1

Confirming these attitudes in the U.S., an Ipsos Reid study conducted in the spring of 2008 indicated that at the time, seven in ten Americans either strongly or somewhat agreed that when companies call a product ’green‘ it is usually just a ‘marketing tactic.’ U.S. consumers, the study reports, seem to be wary of firms who label products as ‘green’ or ‘environmentally friendly.’2

I am a proponent of extending product lifetimes, but it is sometimes hard to justify to clients. Can you give me some suggestions for helping clients understand the value of this approach?

By Louise St. Pierre on September 30, 2008

Explaining the environmental benefits of product longevity is pretty simple. For instance, as long as the impacts of the product during its use phase stay constant, then doubling the product lifetime usually cuts the impacts in half. It is easy to run the numbers and produce the charts that demonstrate the reduced environmental impacts that result from extending product life. It is a bit more challenging to help a client realize how this approach might benefit their bottom line.

Designers have been helping clients understand the economic value of good design for decades. Since much of the work of extending product lifetime equates to good design, we can tap into our own experience when it comes to educating others about longevity.

For instance, many years ago, when I idealistically began my design career, I was involved in designing a multi-bit screwdriver. The client’s innovation allowed the bits to be securely organized in the handle without rattling. I confess to being a bit disenchanted to be working on something so, well….unexciting. I left to take another position before the first prototype came back from manufacture.

Several years later, I encountered the resulting product, and was forced to reassess my view of design, for here was a product that asserted simple quality. Someone had followed through on the manufacturing; the screwdriver was built to high tolerances, and from quality materials. The handle opened easily, and clicked shut with a satisfying thunk. The screwdriver had a solid heft, and didn’t rattle annoyingly, unlike other multi-bits of the day. I promptly bought them as gifts for all of my family. Eighteen years later, all of them still have and use this product (except for one brother, who lost his). Meanwhile, the client (MegaPro) and design firm (Karo and then White Box Design) developed an ongoing relationship that has since taken the product through several iterations – including the contractor’s version and the kitchen drawer version – which expand the product’s market reach without rendering prior models obsolete.

I am part of an internal design team with product form and feature responsibilities. I would like to introduce life cycle assessment (LCA) thinking and methods into our design process. Which team members should I include and how do we begin?

By Steve Belletire on September 30, 2008

This important question establishes the basic framework for any design team seeking to integrate LCA methods. Following are some basic steps that I’ve seen work effectively.

Step 1: Take the temperature of your organization
Conduct some due diligence to determine what degree of appetite, if any, your company (or clients) may have for this approach. Without some basic client or management support, this type of effort could lead to awkward encounters if you try to ‘push’ ecodesign up the management structure. At the same time, don’t be afraid to become an ‘ecodesign champion’ if you believe ecodesign has the potential to add business value.

Step 2: Get up to speed on Okala
Depending on your knowledge to date, studying the Okala LCA methodology and the impact factor category data will help you sound – and be – more knowledgeable. For this you’ll need the Okala Guide, which is currently available through the IDSA.

Consider a number of ways an Okala LCA might be used in your group’s design process to help establish a competitive advantage. Options might range from product material reduction to a product take-back program. You may want to have this discussion with another team member who shares your views on the importance of LCA thinking.

Step 3: Do some market homework
Conduct some market category and/or competitive research. You may be able to locate some case studies or recent examples of product launches with an ecodesign emphasis or position. Examples: In the housewares industry, Illinois-based Design Ideas recently launched a new line of bath organizational accessories named EcoGen™ that incorporate PHBV; a bio-degradable, injection moldable resin. While relatively new, they plan to expand this sub-brand to other home product categories. And of course the Toyota Prius technology platform has been expanded to other models. This ecodesign marketing example demonstrates how to leverage an environmentally friendly technology through the extension of the brand qualifier Hybrid Synergy Drive™.